Reference - Detail
| RRC ID | 57470 |
|---|---|
| Author | Gamisch A, Comes HP. |
| Title | Clade-age-dependent diversification under high species turnover shapes species richness disparities among tropical rainforest lineages of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae). |
| Journal | BMC Evol Biol |
| Abstract |
BACKGROUND:Tropical rainforests (TRFs) harbour almost half of the world's vascular plant species diversity while covering only about 6-7% of land. However, why species richness varies amongst the Earth's major TRF regions remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the evolutionary processes shaping continental species richness disparities of the pantropical, epiphytic and mostly TRF-dwelling orchid mega-genus Bulbophyllum (c. 1948 spp. in total) using diversification analyses based on a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny (including c. 45-50% spp. each from Madagascar, Africa, Neotropics, and 8.4% from the Asia-Pacific region), coupled with ecological niche modelling (ENM) of geographic distributions under present and past (Last Glacial Maximum; LGM) conditions. RESULTS:Our results suggest an early-to-late Miocene scenario of 'out-of-Asia-Pacific' origin and progressive, dispersal-mediated diversification in Madagascar, Africa and the Neotropics, respectively. Species richness disparities amongst these four TRF lineages are best explained by a time-for-speciation (i.e. clade age) effect rather than differences in net diversification or diversity-dependent diversification due to present or past spatial-bioclimatic limits. For each well-sampled lineage (Madagascar, Africa, Neotropics), we inferred high rates of speciation and extinction over time (i.e. high species turnover), yet with the origin of most extant species falling into the Quaternary. In contrast to predictions of classical 'glacial refuge' theories, all four lineages experienced dramatic range expansions during the LGM. CONCLUSIONS:As the Madagascan, African and Neotropical lineages display constant-rate evolution since their origin (early-to-mid-Miocene), Quaternary environmental change might be a less important cause of their high species turnover than intrinsic features generally conferring rapid population turnover in tropical orchids (e.g., epiphytism, specialization on pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi, wind dispersal). Nonetheless, climate-induced range fluctuations during the Quaternary could still have played an influential role in the origination and extinction of Bulbophyllum species in those three, if not in all four TRF regions. |
| Volume | 19(1) |
| Pages | 93 |
| Published | 2019-4-24 |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12862-019-1416-1 |
| PII | 10.1186/s12862-019-1416-1 |
| PMID | 31014234 |
| PMC | PMC6480529 |
| MeSH | Biodiversity* Ecosystem Extinction, Biological Least-Squares Analysis Madagascar Orchidaceae / classification* Phylogeny* Phylogeography Probability Rainforest* Species Specificity Time Factors |
| IF | 3.045 |
| Times Cited | 2 |
| Resource | |
| GBIF | Plant Specimens collections of the Kyushu University Museum Herbarium, University Archives and Collections, Fukushima University, Japan (FKSE) Angiospermatatophytina Collection of Saitama Museum of Natural History Plant specimens of Oiso Municipal Museum Herbarium of Hokkaido University Museum (SAPS) Herbarium Specimens of Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Pref., Japan Spermatophyta collection of Museum of Natural and Environmental History, Shizuoka Ibaraki Nature Museum, Vascular Plants collection Plant Specimens of Kurashiki Museum of Natural History Vascular Plants Collection of Sagamihara City Museum Plant specimens in the Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan Plant specimens deposited in Osaka Museum of Natural History, Japan Vascular Plant Specimens of Kochi Prefectural Makino Botanical Garden Plant Specimens of The Shimane Nature Museum of Mt. Sanbe Vascular Plant Specimen database of Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History Herbarium Specimens of Bonin and Ryukyu Islands Tracheophyta collection of Biodiversity Center of Japan, Ministry of the Environment |