RRC ID 51553
著者 Beer KB, Rivas-Castillo J, Kuhn K, Fazeli G, Karmann B, Nance JF, Stigloher C, Wehman AM.
タイトル Extracellular vesicle budding is inhibited by redundant regulators of TAT-5 flippase localization and phospholipid asymmetry.
ジャーナル Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Abstract Cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that mediate intercellular communication and repair damaged membranes. Despite the pleiotropic functions of EVs in vitro, their in vivo function is debated, largely because it is unclear how to induce or inhibit their formation. In particular, the mechanisms of EV release by plasma membrane budding or ectocytosis are poorly understood. We previously showed that TAT-5 phospholipid flippase activity maintains the asymmetric localization of the lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the plasma membrane and inhibits EV budding by ectocytosis in Caenorhabditis elegans However, no proteins that inhibit ectocytosis upstream of TAT-5 were known. Here, we identify TAT-5 regulators associated with retrograde endosomal recycling: PI3Kinase VPS-34, Beclin1 homolog BEC-1, DnaJ protein RME-8, and the uncharacterized Dopey homolog PAD-1. PI3Kinase, RME-8, and semiredundant sorting nexins are required for the plasma membrane localization of TAT-5, which is important to maintain PE asymmetry and inhibit EV release. PAD-1 does not directly regulate TAT-5 localization, but is required for the lipid flipping activity of TAT-5. PAD-1 also has roles in endosomal trafficking with the GEF-like protein MON-2, which regulates PE asymmetry and EV release redundantly with sorting nexins independent of the core retromer. Thus, in addition to uncovering redundant intracellular trafficking pathways, our study identifies additional proteins that regulate EV release. This work pinpoints TAT-5 and PE as key regulators of plasma membrane budding, further supporting the model that PE externalization drives ectocytosis.
巻・号 115(6)
ページ E1127-E1136
公開日 2018-2-6
DOI 10.1073/pnas.1714085115
PII 1714085115
PMID 29367422
PMC PMC5819400
MeSH Adenosine Triphosphatases / genetics Adenosine Triphosphatases / metabolism* Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism Animals Animals, Genetically Modified / genetics Animals, Genetically Modified / growth & development Animals, Genetically Modified / metabolism* Caenorhabditis elegans / embryology Caenorhabditis elegans / genetics Caenorhabditis elegans / metabolism* Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / genetics Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / metabolism* Cell Membrane / metabolism* Embryo, Nonmammalian / cytology Embryo, Nonmammalian / metabolism* Endocytosis / physiology Extracellular Vesicles / metabolism* Phosphatidylethanolamines / metabolism*
IF 9.412
引用数 19
リソース情報
線虫 tm1523 tm1595 tm847