RRC ID 12184
著者 Sakai T, Aoyama M, Kusakabe T, Tsuda M, Satake H.
タイトル Functional diversity of signaling pathways through G protein-coupled receptor heterodimerization with a species-specific orphan receptor subtype.
ジャーナル Mol Biol Evol
Abstract Gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs) play pivotal roles in control of reproduction via a hypothalamic-pituitary-periphery endocrine system and nervous systems of not only vertebrates but also invertebrates. GnRHs trigger several signal transduction cascades via GnRH receptors (GnRHRs), members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Recently, six GnRHs (tunicate GnRH [tGnRH]-3 to tGnRH-8) and four GnRHRs (Ciona intestinalis [Ci]-GnRHR1 to GnRHR-4), including a species-specific paralog, Ci-GnRHR4 (R4) regarded as an orphan receptor or nonfunctional receptor, were identified in the protochordate, C. intestinalis, which lacks the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Here, we show novel functional modulation of GnRH signaling pathways via GPCR heterodimerization. Immunohistochemical analysis showed colocalization of R1 and R4 in test cells of the ascidian ovary. The native R1-R4 heterodimerization was detected in the Ciona ovary by coimmunoprecipitation analysis. The heterodimerization in HEK293 cells cotransfected with R1 and R4 was also observed by coimmunoprecipitation and fluorescent energy transfer analyses. Binding assay revealed that R4 had no affinity for tGnRHs, and the heterodimerization did not alter the binding affinity of R1 to the ligands. The R1-R4 elicited 10-fold more potent Ca2+ mobilization than R1 exclusively by tGnRH-6, although R1-mediated cyclic AMP production was not affected by any of tGnRHs via the R1-R4 heterodimer. Moreover, the R1-R4 heterodimer potentiated translocation of both Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C-alpha (PKCalpha) by tGnRH-6 and Ca2+-independent PKCzeta by tGnRH-5 and tGnRH-6, eventually leading to the upregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation compared with R1 alone. These results provide evidence that the species-specific GnRHR orphan paralog, R4, serves as an endogenous modulator for the fine-tuning of activation of PKC subtype-selective signal transduction via heterodimerization with R1 and that the species-specific GPCR heterodimerization, in concert with multiplication of tGnRHs and Ci-GnRHRs, participates in functional evolution of neuropeptidergic GnRH signaling pathways highly conserved throughout the animal kingdom.
巻・号 27(5)
ページ 1097-106
公開日 2010-5-1
DOI 10.1093/molbev/msp319
PII msp319
PMID 20026483
MeSH Animals Cell Line Cell Membrane / drug effects Cell Membrane / enzymology Ciona intestinalis / cytology Ciona intestinalis / drug effects Ciona intestinalis / metabolism* Enzyme Activation / drug effects Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / metabolism Female Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / pharmacology Humans Inhibitory Concentration 50 Intracellular Space / drug effects Intracellular Space / metabolism Ligands Models, Biological Orphan Nuclear Receptors / metabolism* Ovary / cytology Ovary / drug effects Ovary / metabolism Phosphorylation / drug effects Protein Binding / drug effects Protein Kinase C / metabolism Protein Multimerization* / drug effects Protein Transport / drug effects Receptors, LHRH / metabolism* Signal Transduction* / drug effects Species Specificity
IF 11.062
引用数 26
WOS 分野 GENETICS & HEREDITY BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
リソース情報
カタユウレイボヤ・(ニッポンウミシダ) Wild C. int