RRC ID 21753
著者 Nakajima N, Teramoto T, Kasai F, Sano T, Tamaoki M, Aono M, Kubo A, Kamada H, Azumi Y, Saji H.
タイトル Glycosylation of bisphenol A by freshwater microalgae.
ジャーナル Chemosphere
Abstract The endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA, 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol) is used to manufacture polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resin linings of food and beverage cans, and the residues from these products are then sometimes discharged into rivers and lakes in waste leachates. However, the fate of BPA in the environment has not yet been thoroughly elucidated. Considering the effect of BPA on aquatic organisms, it is important that we estimate the concentration of BPA and its metabolites in the aquatic environment, but there are few data on the metabolites of BPA. Here, we focused on freshwater microalgae as organisms that contribute to the biodegradation or biotransformation of BPA in aquatic environments. When we added BPA to cultures of eight species of freshwater microalgae, a reduction in the concentration of BPA in the culture medium was observed in all cultures. BPA was metabolized to BPA glycosides by Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Scenedesmus acutus, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Coelastrum reticulatum, and these metabolites were then released into the culture medium. The metabolite from P. subcapitata, S. acutus, and C. reticulatum was identified by FAB-MS and (1)H-NMR as bisphenol A-mono-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (BPAGlc), and another metabolite, from S. quadricauda, was identified as bisphenol A-mono-O-beta-d-galactopyranoside (BPAGal). These results demonstrate that freshwater microalgae that inhabit universal environments can metabolize BPA to its glycosides. Because BPA glycosides accumulate in plants and algae, and may be digested to BPA by beta-glycosidase in animal intestines, more attention should be given to levels of BPA glycosides in the environment to estimate the ecological impact of discharged BPA.
巻・号 69(6)
ページ 934-41
公開日 2007-10-1
DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.088
PII S0045-6535(07)00720-5
PMID 17629547
MeSH Benzhydryl Compounds Biotransformation Endocrine Disruptors / pharmacokinetics Endocrine Disruptors / toxicity* Eukaryota* / drug effects Eukaryota* / growth & development Eukaryota* / metabolism Food Chain Fresh Water* / analysis Fresh Water* / microbiology Glycosylation Phenols / pharmacokinetics Phenols / toxicity* Water Pollutants, Chemical / pharmacokinetics Water Pollutants, Chemical / toxicity*
IF 5.778
引用数 55
WOS 分野 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
リソース情報
藻類 NIES-35 NIES-94 NIES-96 NIES-151 NIES-245 NIES-424 NIES-468 NIES-763