RRC ID 42808
著者 Ogawa K, Funaba M, Chen Y, Tsujimoto M.
タイトル Activin A functions as a Th2 cytokine in the promotion of the alternative activation of macrophages.
ジャーナル J Immunol
Abstract Activin A, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is a pluripotent growth and differentiation factor. In this study, we report that murine Th cells produce activin A upon activation. Activin activity in the cultured CD4+ T cells was induced by anti-CD3 cross-linking. Activin betaA mRNA level was increased in response to activation, indicating that activin production in CD4+ T cells is regulated at the mRNA level. Activin production was detected exclusively in CD4+CD25- T cells, but not in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. When CD4+ T cells were differentiated into Th cell subsets, higher activin secretion was detected when cultured under Th2-skewing conditions. The mRNA level of activin betaA was abundant in Th2, but not in Th1 cells. Furthermore, secretion of activin was significantly higher in activated Th2 clones than in Th1 clones. The activin betaA-proximal promoter contains a binding site for c-Maf, a Th2-specific transcriptional factor, at close proximity with an NF-AT binding site. c-Maf was able to synergize with NF-AT to transactivate activin betaA gene, and both factors are implicated in activin betaA transcription in Th2 cells. Activin A induced macrophages to express arginase-1 (M-2 phenotype), whereas it inhibited inducible NO synthase expression (M-1 phenotype) induced by IFN-gamma. Taken together, these observations suggest that activin A is a novel Th2 cytokine that promotes differentiation of macrophages toward the M-2 phenotype.
巻・号 177(10)
ページ 6787-94
公開日 2006-11-15
DOI 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.6787
PII 177/10/6787
PMID 17082592
MeSH Activins / biosynthesis Activins / genetics Activins / physiology* Animals Arginase / physiology Base Sequence Cell Differentiation / immunology Cell Line, Tumor Clone Cells Cytokines / physiology* Female Humans Immunophenotyping Inhibin-beta Subunits / genetics Inhibin-beta Subunits / metabolism Macrophage Activation / genetics Macrophage Activation / immunology* Macrophages, Peritoneal / enzymology Macrophages, Peritoneal / immunology Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Nude Molecular Sequence Data Promoter Regions, Genetic Th2 Cells / immunology* Th2 Cells / metabolism*
IF 4.886
引用数 85
リソース情報
ヒト・動物細胞 EL4(RCB1641)