| RRC ID |
68948
|
| Author |
Hachiya T, Inaba J, Wakazaki M, Sato M, Toyooka K, Miyagi A, Kawai-Yamada M, Sugiura D, Nakagawa T, Kiba T, Gojon A, Sakakibara H.
|
| Title |
Excessive ammonium assimilation by plastidic glutamine synthetase causes ammonium toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana.
|
| Journal |
Nat Commun
|
| Abstract |
Plants use nitrate, ammonium, and organic nitrogen in the soil as nitrogen sources. Since the elevated CO2 environment predicted for the near future will reduce nitrate utilization by C3 species, ammonium is attracting great interest. However, abundant ammonium nutrition impairs growth, i.e., ammonium toxicity, the primary cause of which remains to be determined. Here, we show that ammonium assimilation by GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE 2 (GLN2) localized in the plastid rather than ammonium accumulation is a primary cause for toxicity, which challenges the textbook knowledge. With exposure to toxic levels of ammonium, the shoot GLN2 reaction produced an abundance of protons within cells, thereby elevating shoot acidity and stimulating expression of acidic stress-responsive genes. Application of an alkaline ammonia solution to the ammonium medium efficiently alleviated the ammonium toxicity with a concomitant reduction in shoot acidity. Consequently, we conclude that a primary cause of ammonium toxicity is acidic stress.
|
| Volume |
12(1)
|
| Pages |
4944
|
| Published |
2021-8-16
|
| DOI |
10.1038/s41467-021-25238-7
|
| PII |
10.1038/s41467-021-25238-7
|
| PMID |
34400629
|
| PMC |
PMC8367978
|
| MeSH |
Amino Acids
Ammonium Compounds / metabolism*
Ammonium Compounds / toxicity*
Arabidopsis / drug effects*
Arabidopsis / genetics
Arabidopsis / metabolism*
Arabidopsis Proteins / metabolism
Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / drug effects
Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / genetics
Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / metabolism*
Nitrates / metabolism
Nitrogen / metabolism
Plant Shoots / metabolism
Plastids / metabolism*
|
| IF |
12.121
|
| Resource |
| Arabidopsis / Cultured plant cells, genes |
psi00011
pss10001
pss10002
pss10003
pss10004
pss10005
pss10006
pss10007
pss10008
pss10009
pss10010
pss10011
pss10012
pss10013
pss10014
pss10015
pss10016
pss10017
pss10018
pss10019
pss10020
pss10021 |
