RRC ID 74880
Author Takeuchi Y, Ushimaru K, Kaneda K, Maruyama C, Ito T, Yamanaka K, Ogasawara Y, Katano H, Kato Y, Dairi T, Hamano Y.
Title First direct evidence for direct cell-membrane penetrations of polycationic homopoly(amino acid)s produced by bacteria.
Journal Commun Biol
Abstract Bacteria produce polycationic homopoly(amino acid)s, which are characterized by isopeptide backbones. Although the biological significance of polycationic homopoly(amino acid)s remains unclear, increasing attention has recently been focused on their potential use to achieve cellular internalization. Here, for the first time, we provide direct evidence that two representative bacterial polycationic isopeptides, ε-poly-L-α-lysine (ε-PαL) and ε-oligo-L-β-lysine (ε-OβL), were internalized into mammalian cells by direct cell-membrane penetration and then diffused throughout the cytosol. In this study, we used clickable ε-PαL and ε-OβL derivatives carrying a C-terminal azide group, which were enzymatically produced and then conjugated with a fluorescent dye to analyze subcellular localization. Interestingly, fluorescent proteins conjugated with the clickable ε-PαL or ε-OβL were also internalized into cells and diffused throughout the cytosol. Notably, a Cre recombinase conjugate with ε-PαL entered cells and mediated the Cre/loxP recombination, and ε-PαL was found to deliver a full-length IgG antibody to the cytosol and nucleus.
Volume 5(1)
Pages 1132
Published 2022-10-26
DOI 10.1038/s42003-022-04110-4
PII 10.1038/s42003-022-04110-4
PMID 36289442
PMC PMC9606270
MeSH Amino Acids* / metabolism Animals Azides Bacteria / metabolism Fluorescent Dyes Immunoglobulin G Lysine* / metabolism Mammals
IF 4.165
Resource
Human and Animal Cells HeLa(RCB0007) 293T(RCB2202) Hep G2(RCB1886) K562(RCB0027)