Reference - Detail
| RRC ID | 75067 |
|---|---|
| Author | Yap WY, Tan KJSX, Hwang JS. |
| Title | Expansion of Hydra actinoporin-like toxin (HALT) gene family: Expression divergence and functional convergence evolved through gene duplication. |
| Journal | Toxicon |
| Abstract |
Hydra actinoporin-like toxin 1 (HALT-1) was previously shown to cause cytolysis and haemolysis in a number of human cells and has similar functional properties to the actinoporins equinatoxin and sticholysin. In addition to HALT-1, five other HALTs (HALTs 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7) were also isolated from Hydra magnipapillata and expressed as recombinant proteins in this study. We demonstrated that recombinant HALTs have cytolytic activity on HeLa cells but each exhibited a different range of toxicity. All six recombinant HALTs bound to sulfatide, while rHALT-1 and rHALT-3 bound to two additional sphingolipids, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate as indicated by the protein-lipid overlay assay. When either tryptophan133 or tyrosine129 of HALT-1 was mutated, the mutant protein lost binding to sulfatide, lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate. As further verification of HALTs' binding to sulfatide, we performed ELISA for each HALT. To determine the cell-type specific gene expression of seven HALTs in Hydra, we searched for individual HALT expression in the single-cell RNA-seq data set of Single Cell Portal. The results showed that HALT-1, 4 and 7 were expressed in differentiating stenoteles. HALT-1 and HALT-6 were expressed in the female germline during oogenesis. HALT-2 was strongly expressed in the gland and mucous cells in the endoderm. Information on HALT-3 and HALT-5 could not be found in the single-cell data set. Our findings show that subfunctionalisation of gene expression following duplication enabled HALTs to become specialized in various cell types of the interstitial cell lineage. |
| Volume | 170 |
| Pages | 10-20 |
| Published | 2019-12-1 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.007 |
| PII | S0041-0101(19)30449-0 |
| PMID | 31513812 |
| MeSH | Animals Gene Duplication* Gene Expression HeLa Cells Humans Hydra / chemistry Hydra / genetics* Marine Toxins / chemistry Marine Toxins / genetics* Marine Toxins / toxicity Recombinant Proteins Sequence Analysis, RNA |
| IF | 2.201 |
| Altmetric score |
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| The most frequently cited source | X(Twitter) |
| Total number of mentions | 1 |
| Altmetric score changes over past 6months | 0.0 |
| Resource | |
| Human and Animal Cells | HeLa(RCB0007) |