| Author |
Lamorte S, Quevedo R, Jin R, Neufeld L, Liu ZQ, Ciudad MT, Lukhele S, Bruce J, Mishra S, Zhang X, Saeed ZK, Berman H, Philpott DJ, Girardin SE, Harding S, Munn DH, Mak TW, Karlsson MCI, Brooks DG, McGaha TL.
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| Abstract |
Apoptotic cells are immunosuppressive, creating a barrier in cancer treatment. Thus, we investigated immune responses to dying tumor cells after therapy in the tumor draining lymph node (TDLN). A key population responsible for clearing tumor material in the TDLN was medullary sinus macrophages (MSMs). Tumor debris phagocytosis by MSMs induces the cytokine IL-33, and blocking the IL-33 receptor (ST2) or deletion of Il33 in MSMs enhances therapy responses. Mechanistically, IL-33 activates T regulatory cells in TDLNs that migrate to the tumor to suppress CD8+ T cells. Therapeutically combining ST2 blockade, targeted kinase inhibitors, and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy increases CD8+ T cell activity promoting tumor regression. Importantly, we observe similar activity in human macrophages, and IL-33 expression in sentinel lymph nodes correlates with disease stage and survival in melanoma. Thus, our data identifies an IL-33-dependent immune response to therapy that attenuates therapy-induced anti-tumor immunity.
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