| Abstract |
The genus Oryza encompasses a diverse array of species that exhibit significant genomic variation and evolutionary complexity. This systematic study synthesizes current research on the genomic diversity and evolutionary mechanisms within the Oryza genus, providing a comprehensive comparative analysis. Studies have revealed that polyploidy plays a crucial role in the diversification and evolution of Oryza, with homoeologous genomic regions experiencing both independent and parallel evolution. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships within the genus have been elucidated using various molecular markers, such as inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphism and chloroplast DNA sequences, highlighting the polyphyletic evolution and extensive gene family expansions. Comparative genomic analyses have shown that different Oryza species have experienced dissimilar amplification histories of retrotransposons, leading to remarkable differences in genome sizes. Additionally, gene duplication events, including whole genome duplications and segmental duplications, have contributed to the structural and functional evolution of Oryza genomes. The rapid diversification of AA-genome species, driven by lineage-specific expansions and contractions of gene families, has facilitated adaptations to diverse ecological niches. The genomic diversity and evolutionary mechanisms in the Oryza genus are shaped by a complex interplay of polyploidy, transposable elements, gene duplications, and natural selection. This study underscores the importance of comparative genomic studies in understanding the evolutionary dynamics and potential for crop improvement within the Oryza genus.
|
