| Author |
Jørgensen ME, Vequaud D, Wang Y, Andersen CB, Bayer M, Box A, Braune KB, Cai Y, Chen F, Cuesta-Seijo JA, Dong H, Fincher GB, Gojkovic Z, Huang Z, Jaegle B, Kale SM, Krsticevic F, Le Roux PM, Lozier A, Lu Q, Mascher M, Murozuka E, Nakamura S, Simmelsgaard MU, Pedas PR, Pin PA, Podzimska-Sroka D, Sato K, Spannagl M, Rasmussen MW, Russell J, Schreiber M, Thomsen HC, Thomsen NW, Tulloch S, Voss C, Skadhauge B, Stein N, Willerslev E, Waugh R, Dockter C.
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| Abstract |
Anthropogenic selection of grain traits such as dormancy has shaped the developmental trajectories of crops. In cereals, shortening dormancy provides rapid and even postharvest germination, but increases the risk of weather-induced preharvest sprouting, with yearly harvest losses beyond 1 billion dollars. Our understanding of how, why, when, and where cereal dormancy diversification arose is fragmentary. Here, we show in the founder crop barley (Hordeum vulgare) that dormancy is primarily regulated through a mosaic of locus haplotypes comprising copy number variation and inherent kinase activity of Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3). We provide evidence supporting the historical selection of specific MKK3 haplotypes that shaped dormancy levels according to changing climatic pressures and outline a genetic framework for breeders to balance grain dormancy and preharvest sprouting avoidance.
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