RRC ID 57691
著者 Moss-Taylor L, Upadhyay A, Pan X, Kim MJ, O'Connor MB.
タイトル Body Size and Tissue-Scaling Is Regulated by Motoneuron-Derived Activinß in Drosophila melanogaster.
ジャーナル Genetics
Abstract Correct scaling of body and organ size is crucial for proper development, and the survival of all organisms. Perturbations in circulating hormones, including insulins and steroids, are largely responsible for changing body size in response to both genetic and environmental factors. Such perturbations typically produce adults whose organs and appendages scale proportionately with final size. The identity of additional factors that might contribute to scaling of organs and appendages with body size is unknown. Here, we report that loss-of-function mutations in DrosophilaActivinβ (Actβ), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, lead to the production of small larvae/pupae and undersized rare adult escapers. Morphometric measurements of escaper adult appendage size (wings and legs), as well as heads, thoraxes, and abdomens, reveal a disproportional reduction in abdominal size compared to other tissues. Similar size measurements of selected Actβ mutant larval tissues demonstrate that somatic muscle size is disproportionately smaller when compared to the fat body, salivary glands, prothoracic glands, imaginal discs, and brain. We also show that Actβ control of body size is dependent on canonical signaling through the transcription-factor dSmad2 and that it modulates the growth rate, but not feeding behavior, during the third-instar period. Tissue- and cell-specific knockdown, and overexpression studies, reveal that motoneuron-derived Actβ is essential for regulating proper body size and tissue scaling. These studies suggest that, unlike in vertebrates, where Myostatin and certain other Activin-like factors act as systemic negative regulators of muscle mass, in Drosophila, Actβ is a positive regulator of muscle mass that is directly delivered to muscles by motoneurons. We discuss the importance of these findings in coordinating proportional scaling of insect muscle mass to appendage size.
巻・号 213(4)
ページ 1447-1464
公開日 2019-12-1
DOI 10.1534/genetics.119.302394
PII genetics.119.302394
PMID 31585954
PMC PMC6893369
MeSH Aging Animals Body Size* Cell Nucleus / metabolism Drosophila Proteins / metabolism* Drosophila melanogaster / anatomy & histology* Drosophila melanogaster / growth & development Drosophila melanogaster / metabolism* Female Larva / anatomy & histology Larva / growth & development Male Motor Neurons / metabolism* Muscles / anatomy & histology Mutation / genetics Organ Size Pupa / anatomy & histology Signal Transduction
IF 4.015
引用数 4
リソース情報
ショウジョウバエ 1162R-1 1162R-2