RRC ID |
21412
|
Author |
Wada R, Maruyama J, Yamaguchi H, Yamamoto N, Wagu Y, Paoletti M, Archer DB, Dyer PS, Kitamoto K.
|
Title |
Presence and functionality of mating type genes in the supposedly asexual filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae.
|
Journal |
Appl Environ Microbiol
|
Abstract |
The potential for sexual reproduction in Aspergillus oryzae was assessed by investigating the presence and functionality of MAT genes. Previous genome studies had identified a MAT1-1 gene in the reference strain RIB40. We now report the existence of a complementary MAT1-2 gene and the sequencing of an idiomorphic region from A. oryzae strain AO6. This allowed the development of a PCR diagnostic assay, which detected isolates of the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 genotypes among 180 strains assayed, including industrial tane-koji isolates. Strains used for sake and miso production showed a near-1:1 ratio of the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 mating types, whereas strains used for soy sauce production showed a significant bias toward the MAT1-2 mating type. MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 isogenic strains were then created by genetic manipulation of the resident idiomorph, and gene expression was compared by DNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) methodologies under conditions in which MAT genes were expressed. Thirty-three genes were found to be upregulated more than 10-fold in either the MAT1-1 host strain or the MAT1-2 gene replacement strain relative to each other, showing that both the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 genes functionally regulate gene expression in A. oryzae in a mating type-dependent manner, the first such report for a supposedly asexual fungus. MAT1-1 expression specifically upregulated an α-pheromone precursor gene, but the functions of most of the genes affected were unknown. The results are consistent with a heterothallic breeding system in A. oryzae, and prospects for the discovery of a sexual cycle are discussed.
|
Volume |
78(8)
|
Pages |
2819-29
|
Published |
2012-4-1
|
DOI |
10.1128/AEM.07034-11
|
PII |
AEM.07034-11
|
PMID |
22327593
|
PMC |
PMC3318824
|
MeSH |
Amino Acid Sequence
Aspergillus oryzae / genetics
Aspergillus oryzae / growth & development
Aspergillus oryzae / isolation & purification
Aspergillus oryzae / physiology*
DNA Primers / genetics
DNA, Fungal / chemistry
DNA, Fungal / genetics
Food Microbiology
Fungi / genetics
Fungi / growth & development
Fungi / physiology
Gene Deletion
Gene Expression Profiling
Genes, Mating Type, Fungal*
Genotype
Microarray Analysis
Molecular Sequence Data
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
|
IF |
4.016
|
Times Cited |
37
|
WOS Category
|
BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
MICROBIOLOGY
|
Resource |
General Microbes |
JCM 2058
JCM 2247
JCM 12736
JCM 22393
JCM 22428 |