RRC ID 45099
著者 Hashimoto M, Nasser H, Chihara T, Suzu S.
タイトル Macropinocytosis and TAK1 mediate anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory macrophage differentiation by HIV-1 Nef.
ジャーナル Cell Death Dis
Abstract Macrophages (MΦ) are functionally classified into two types, anti-inflammatory M2 and pro-inflammatory M1. Importantly, we recently revealed that soluble HIV-1 proteins, particularly the pathogenetic protein Nef, preferentially activate M2-MΦ and drive them towards an M1-like MΦ, which might explain the sustained immune activation seen in HIV-1-infected patients. Here, we show that the preferential effect of Nef on M2-MΦ is mediated by TAK1 (TGF-β-activated kinase 1) and macropinocytosis. As with MAP kinases and NF-κB pathway, Nef markedly activated TAK1 in M-CSF-derived M2-MΦ but not in GM-CSF-derived M1-MΦ. Two Nef mutants, which were unable to activate MAP kinases and NF-κB pathway, failed to activate TAK1. Indeed, the TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol as well as the ectopic expression of a dominant-negative mutant of TAK1 or TRAF2, an upstream molecule of TAK1, inhibited Nef-induced signaling activation and M1-like phenotypic differentiation of M2-MΦ. Meanwhile, the preferential effect of Nef on M2-MΦ correlated with the fact the Nef entered M2-MΦ more efficiently than M1-MΦ. Importantly, the macropinosome formation inhibitor EIPA completely blocked the internalization of Nef into M2-MΦ. Because the macropinocytosis activity of M2-MΦ was higher than that of M1-MΦ, our findings indicate that Nef enters M2-MΦ efficiently by exploiting their higher macropinocytosis activity and drives them towards M1-like MΦ by activating TAK1.
巻・号 5(5)
ページ e1267
公開日 2014-5-29
DOI 10.1038/cddis.2014.233
PII cddis2014233
PMID 24874739
PMC PMC4047869
MeSH Animals Cell Differentiation* Cell Line HIV-1 / genetics HIV-1 / metabolism* Humans Inflammation / genetics Inflammation / metabolism Inflammation / pathology MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / genetics MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / metabolism* MAP Kinase Signaling System / drug effects MAP Kinase Signaling System / genetics Macrophages / metabolism* Mice Pinocytosis* Zearalenone / analogs & derivatives Zearalenone / pharmacology nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / genetics nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / metabolism*
IF 6.304
引用数 7
WOS 分野 CELL BIOLOGY
リソース情報
ヒト・動物細胞 RAW 264(RCB0535)