RRC ID 53276
著者 Reiner DJ, Lundquist EA.
タイトル Small GTPases.
ジャーナル WormBook
Abstract Members of the protein superfamily of small guanosine triphosphatases, also known as small GTPases, small G-proteins, or the Ras superfamily, are involved in nearly every aspect of cell biology. Small GTPases are tightly regulated molecular switches that make binary on/off decisions through controlled loading of GTP (activation) and hydrolysis of GTP to GDP (inactivation). Small GTPases typically function as nodal points that integrate broad upstream regulatory inputs and disseminate broad effector outputs. The superfamily comprises five families that are conserved across eukaryotes: Ras, Rho, Rab, Arf, and Ran. Each family, besides Ran, has radiated functionally since our last common ancestor with fungi, and certain subfamilies persist throughout metazoa. The double genome duplication leading to vertebrates resulted in two to four genes for many subfamilies, plus some novel mammalian additions. Here we discuss general principles of small GTPase biology, survey the C. elegans complement of small GTPases and how they compare to their mammalian counterparts, and note atypical nematode members that do not fall into discrete subfamilies. We do not discuss the multitude of other proteins with catalytic guanosine triphosphatase domains that fall outside the small GTPase/Ras superfamily.
巻・号 2018
ページ 1-65
公開日 2018-8-16
DOI 10.1895/wormbook.1.67.2
PMID 27218782
PMC PMC6369420
MeSH ADP-Ribosylation Factors / metabolism Animals Caenorhabditis elegans / enzymology* Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / metabolism GTP Phosphohydrolases / metabolism Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism* rab GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism ran GTP-Binding Protein / metabolism ras Proteins / metabolism rho GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism
リソース情報
線虫 tm861 tm2760 tm5205 tm2916 tm2926