RRC ID 47951
著者 Lu X, Kracher B, Saur IM, Bauer S, Ellwood SR, Wise R, Yaeno T, Maekawa T, Schulze-Lefert P.
タイトル Allelic barley MLA immune receptors recognize sequence-unrelated avirulence effectors of the powdery mildew pathogen.
ジャーナル Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Abstract Disease-resistance genes encoding intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) are key components of the plant innate immune system and typically detect the presence of isolate-specific avirulence (AVR) effectors from pathogens. NLR genes define the fastest-evolving gene family of flowering plants and are often arranged in gene clusters containing multiple paralogs, contributing to copy number and allele-specific NLR variation within a host species. Barley mildew resistance locus a (Mla) has been subject to extensive functional diversification, resulting in allelic resistance specificities each recognizing a cognate, but largely unidentified, AVRa gene of the powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh). We applied a transcriptome-wide association study among 17 Bgh isolates containing different AVRa genes and identified AVRa1 and AVRa13, encoding candidate-secreted effectors recognized by Mla1 and Mla13 alleles, respectively. Transient expression of the effector genes in barley leaves or protoplasts was sufficient to trigger Mla1 or Mla13 allele-specific cell death, a hallmark of NLR receptor-mediated immunity. AVRa1 and AVRa13 are phylogenetically unrelated, demonstrating that certain allelic MLA receptors evolved to recognize sequence-unrelated effectors. They are ancient effectors because corresponding loci are present in wheat powdery mildew. AVRA1 recognition by barley MLA1 is retained in transgenic Arabidopsis, indicating that AVRA1 directly binds MLA1 or that its recognition involves an evolutionarily conserved host target of AVRA1 Furthermore, analysis of transcriptome-wide sequence variation among the Bgh isolates provides evidence for Bgh population structure that is partially linked to geographic isolation.
巻・号 113(42)
ページ E6486-E6495
公開日 2016-10-18
DOI 10.1073/pnas.1612947113
PII 1612947113
PMID 27702901
PMC PMC5081590
MeSH Alleles* Arabidopsis / genetics Ascomycota / genetics* Ascomycota / immunology* Ascomycota / pathogenicity Base Sequence Cell Death Disease Resistance / immunology Gene Expression Profiling Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal Genetic Association Studies Genome, Fungal Genotype Hordeum / immunology* Hordeum / microbiology* Host-Pathogen Interactions / immunology Phenotype Plant Cells Plant Diseases / immunology* Plant Diseases / microbiology* Plant Leaves / microbiology Plant Proteins / genetics* Plants, Genetically Modified Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Receptors, Immunologic / genetics Transcriptome Virulence Factors / chemistry Virulence Factors / genetics
IF 9.412
引用数 43
WOS 分野 PLANT SCIENCES
リソース情報
オオムギ Haruna Nijo