RRC ID 42556
著者 Sai K, Yang D, Yamamoto H, Fujikawa H, Yamamoto S, Nagata T, Saito M, Yamamura T, Nishizaki T.
タイトル A(1) adenosine receptor signal and AMPK involving caspase-9/-3 activation are responsible for adenosine-induced RCR-1 astrocytoma cell death.
ジャーナル Neurotoxicology
Abstract Extracellular adenosine reduced viability of RCR-1 rat astrocytoma cells in a dose (0.3-10mM)- and treatment time (24-72h)-dependent manner. In the apoptosis assay using propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V, treatment with adenosine (1mM) for 72h increased the population of PI-negative/annexin V-positive cells, that is related to early apoptosis, and that of PI-positive/annexin V-positive cells, that is related to late apoptosis/secondary necrosis. In addition, nuclei of cells treated with adenosine (1mM) for 72h were reactive to an antibody against single-stranded DNA. Adenosine activated caspase-3, -8 and -9, but mitochondrial membrane potentials were not affected. Adenosine-induced RCR-1 cell death was significantly inhibited by 8-CPT, an antagonist of A(1) adenosine receptors, and forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator. SQ22536, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, alternatively, exhibited an effect similar to adenosine. CHA, an agonist of A(1) adenosine receptors, activated caspase-3 and -9, but not caspase-8. Adenosine-induced cytotoxicity of RCR-1 cells was also significantly inhibited by dipyridamole, an inhibitor of adenosine transporter, and AMDA, an inhibitor of adenosine kinase. AICAR, an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), reduced RCR-1 cell viability, but synergistic effect was not obtained with co-treatment with adenosine and AICAR. AICAR activated caspase-3 and -9, but not caspase-8. An additive inhibition was found in the co-presence of 8-CPT and dipyridamole. Extracellular adenosine, thus, appears to activate caspase-9 followed by the effector caspase, caspase-3, at least via two independent pathways linked to A(1) adenosine receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase inhibition and adenosine uptake into cells/conversion to AMP/activation of AMPK, possibly regardless of mitochondrial damage, thereby leading to RCR-1 cell death, dominantly by apoptosis. Moreover, caspase-8 activation could again contribute to adenosine-induced cytotoxicity, although the underlying mechanism is currently unknown. Collectively, the results of the present study may represent a new pathway for caspase activation relevant to diverse adenosine signals in cell death.
巻・号 27(4)
ページ 458-67
公開日 2006-7-1
DOI 10.1016/j.neuro.2005.12.008
PII S0161-813X(06)00006-4
PMID 16469385
MeSH AMP-Activated Protein Kinases Adenosine / pharmacology Adenosine / physiology* Analysis of Variance Animals Astrocytoma / physiopathology* Caspases / metabolism* Cell Death / drug effects Cell Line, Tumor Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug Interactions Enzyme Activation / drug effects Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology Flow Cytometry / methods Immunohistochemistry / methods Mitochondrial Membranes / drug effects Models, Biological Multienzyme Complexes / physiology* Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / physiology* RNA, Messenger / metabolism Rats Receptor, Adenosine A1 / physiology* Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods Signal Transduction / physiology* Tetrazolium Salts Theophylline / analogs & derivatives Theophylline / pharmacology Thiazoles
IF 3.105
引用数 61
WOS 分野 TOXICOLOGY PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY NEUROSCIENCES
リソース情報
ヒト・動物細胞 RCR-1